Lub kauv chute yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus sib cais cov cuab yeej siv dav hauv kev ua cov ntxhia (xws li, kub, tin, chromium, hlau, thiab thee tau txais txiaj ntsig). Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawmLub ntiajteb txawj nqus, lub zog centrifugal, thiab dej rub, uas cais cov zaub mov ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, kev tshaj lij ntawm nws cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, tsim rau kev sib txuas lus, cov ntaub ntawv muag khoom, lossis kev cob qhia ua haujlwm:
1. Core Design & Structural Basis
Ib tug kauv chute muaj ibkauv trough (helical channel), kev txhawb nqa ncej, ore pub khoom noj, mloog zoo / roj / pov tseg qhov chaw nres nkoj, thiab cov khoom siv dej. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas txhawb nqa nws txoj cai sib cais muaj xws li:
Lub kauv trough muaj lub suab ruaj khov thiab qhov nkhaus, nrog rau sab hauv sab hauv (feem ntau lined nrog hnav- cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus zoo li roj hmab lossis polyurethane kom txo kev sib txhuam thiab tiv thaiv cov ntxhia).
Lub trough cross-section feem ntau yog "parabolic" lossis "circular arc", optimizing lub xeev ntws ntawm cov ntxhia - dej sib tov (slurry).
2. Kauj Ruam -los ntawm - Kauj Ruam Ua Haujlwm
(1) Slurry feeding & Initial Distribution
Lub crushed thiab cais cov ntxhia slurry (ore hais + dej) yog uniformly pub rau hauv lubnoj lub thawvnyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub kauv chute.
Los ntawm ib tug distributor, lub slurry yog nkag mus rau hauv lub puab ntug ntawm lub kauv trough, tsim ib tug nyias, ntws zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv lub trough nto (slurry thickness yog tswj mus rau 5-20 hli, nyob ntawm seb cov ntxhia khoom thiab kev sib cais yuav tsum tau).
(2) Force System Ua rau Mineral Particles
Raws li cov slurry ntws mus rau hauv qab ntawm cov kauv trough nyob rau hauv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, txhua qhov ntxhia hais yog raug rau peb lub zog tseem ceeb uas tsav kev sib cais:
| Hom quab yuam | Source & Effect |
|---|---|
| Gravitational quab yuam (G) | Vertical downward quab yuam, txiav txim siab los ntawm particle qhov loj (density × ntim). |
| Lub zog centrifugal (Fₙ) | Tsim los ntawm cov lus tsa suab ntawm cov slurry; proportional rau particle qhov loj thiab lub square ntawm nws tangential tshaj tawm. Pushs hais mus rau sab ntug ntawm lub trough. |
| Fluid Drag (Fᵈ) | Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab dej ntws; muaj feem xyuam rau cov particle qhov loj me, cov duab, thiab txheeb ze tshaj tawm rau cov slurry. Dominates rau qhov zoo, tsawg- cov khoom ntom ntom. |
Covua zogntawm peb lub zog no txiav txim siab qhov particle lub zog trajectory:
High- cov minerals ntom ntom (piv txwv li, kub, chromite, magnetite): Ntau dua gravitational thiab centrifugal rog kov yeej cov kua dej, txav mus rausab nrauvntawm lub trough (siab tshaj qhov chaw).
Low-density gangue minerals (eg, quartz, feldspar): Weaker resultant force, trapped in the slower-moving inner layer of the slurry, migrating toward thesab hauv ntugntawm trough.
(3) Stratification & Sib cais
Thaum lub sij hawm downward kauv ntws (feem ntau 3-5 lem), ntxhia hais undergodynamic stratification:
Sab nrauv ntawm lub trough sau siab -purity, siab - ceev concentration.
Thaj chaw nruab nrab (yog tias tsim) tuaj yeem tsim ib qho "middling" feem (sib xyaw cov zaub mov) rau kev rov ua dua.
The inner edge discharges low-density tailings (waste rock).
(4) Cov khoom ntim khoom
Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub kauv chute, peb cais tawm ports (ntseeg, middling, tailings) sau cov stratified minerals, ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem sib cais.
3. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais ua tau zoo
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob ntawm kev ua kom zoo rau cov kev txwv hauv qab no (tseem ceeb rau kev qhia tshwj xeeb hauv cov lus hais lossis cov lus qhia ua haujlwm):
Slurry Concentration: 20-40% cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib txawv (vim los ntawm cov ntxhia); heev dilute thiaj li particle kev sib tshuam, tuab heev ua rau blockages.
Pub tus nqi: Uniform flow kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov dej zaj duab xis thiab stratification (feem ntau 1–5 m³ / h ib chute).
Qhov Geometry: Pitch (qhov deb ntawm qhov uas nyob ib sab muab kauv tig), curvature radius, thiab cross-sectional shape (customized for specific minerals).
Ntxiv dej: Muab cov dej ntxiv rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev pub mis los yog raws lub trough los kho slurry viscosity thiab ntws tshaj tawm.
Particle Loj: Zoo rau 0.074-2 hli (zoo rau kev nplua rau nruab nrab- cov ntxhia pob zeb; ultra- cov khoom zoo yuav xav tau kev pab cuam flotation).
4. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv thov (Txuas rau Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm)
Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus Separation Advantage: Tsis muaj tshuaj reagents, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig (ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntsuab).
Kev xaiv siab: Relies on density differences, making it ideal for separating minerals with distinct specific gravities (eg, gold vs. quartz, tin ore vs. gangue).
Kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua: Cov qauv yooj yim, kev saib xyuas yooj yim, thiab tsim nyog rau loj - nplai ntxhia ua cov nroj tsuag.
Cov ntsiab lus
Lub kauv chute txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm yog nyob ib puag ncigsiv lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, lub zog centrifugal, thiab cov kua dej rub los ua kom cov pob zeb hauv av los ntawm qhov ntom ntomthaum muab kauv ntws. Nws tsim optimizes particle txav trajectories, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig sib cais ntawm cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm gangue. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no ua rau nws yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev siv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, dav siv hauv kev lag luam mining thiab ntxhia ua kev lag luam rau cov hlau (kub, tin, chromium) thiab tsis yog -hlau cov zaub mov (coal, zircon).
