Lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib cais ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv yog nyob rau hauv kev siv qhov sib txawv ntawm physicochemical zog xws li ceev, magnetism, hluav taws xob zog, thiab nto wettability ntawm cov minerals sib txawv. Ua ke nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub puam placer, uas yog ib qho me me particle loj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov av qis, thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov zaub mov hnyav, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev faib tawm → nqus sib cais → sib nqus sib nqus → electrostatic sib cais / flotation yog saws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem pabcuam xws li desliming, dewatering, thiab tshem tawm impurity yog xav tau. Cov hauv qab no yog cov txheej txheem txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem, cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, thiab cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm, uas tsim nyog rau kev lag luam loj - nplai ntau lawm thiab cov txheej txheem docking xav tau hauv kev lag luam txawv teb chaws.
I. Ua ntej-Kev kho mob ua ntej Kev Sib Cais: Kev Npaj Khoom Raw (qhov tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm cov impurities thiab qib kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv / kev sib cais qis) Tom qab seaside placer mining (los ntawm lub nkoj / onshore), nws yuav muaj cov plhaub, pob zeb, silt, thiab dej hiav txwv ntsev. Ua ntej- kev kho mob yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib cais, thiab cov kauj ruam yog raws li nram no: Kev tshuaj ntsuam ntxhib: Siv lub vibrating npo (lub voj voog vibrating screen / linear screen) los tshuaj xyuas cov plhaub thiab cov pob zeb loj loj dua 20mm. Cov khoom hauv qab ntawm qhov screen yog 0.074 ~ 20mm placer raw khoom (hnyav minerals nyob rau hauv seaside placer yog mas concentrated nyob rau hauv lub 0.074 ~ 2mm particle loj ntau yam); Desliming thiab Dewatering: Siv lub kauv classifier / hydrocyclone kom tshem tawm cov av me dua 0.074mm (cov av nkos yuav ua raws li cov ntxhia hauv av, cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais tom qab), thiab ib txhij siv lub vijtsam dewatering kom tshem tawm cov dej hiav txwv ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom siv raw, tswj cov dej noo kom tsawg dua 15%; Kev muab qhab nia: Siv lub siab - zaus vibrating npo / ntsuas ntsuas kom cais cov placer rau hauv cov lus ntxhib (1 ~ 2mm), cov khoom nruab nrab (0.25 ~ 1mm), thiab cov khoom zoo (0.074 ~ 0.25mm) raws li qhov loj me. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos ntawm tib qhov me me nkag mus rau kev sib cais tom qab (qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab kev muab qhab nia tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv tom ntej).
II. Cov txheej txheem sib cais tseem ceeb: Ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "pib nrog qhov yooj yim dua thiab txav mus rau qhov nyuaj dua", cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb hauv cov chaw tso nyiaj hauv puam tau sib cais los ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub cev. These include ilmenite, zircon, rutile, monazite, xenotime, quartz sand (associated), etc. Among them, density differences (heavy minerals have a density of 4.0~7.0g/cm³, while quartz has a density of 2.65g/cm³) and magnetic differences are the most easily exploitable properties. Yog li, qhov sib cais sib cais yog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus concentration → sib nqus sib nqus sib txawv → electrostatic sib cais / flotation purification, nrog rau txhua theem lim tawm ib qho kev mloog zoo.
(1) Kauj Ruam 1: Kev xaiv dua - Ua kom cov zaub mov hnyav thiab muab pov tseg ntau ntawm gangue (tsuas yog quartz). Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog siv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntxhia hnyav thiab gangue, thiab los ntawm qhov chaw gravitational / centrifugal force field, ua cov ntxhia hnyav thiab txhawb nqa, muab pov tseg ntau dua 80% ntawm quartz xuab zeb, kom tau txais kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntxhia hnyav (sib xyaw nrog ilmenite, zircon, rutile, thiab lwm yam). Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntxiv rau kev sib cais ntawm beach placer deposits. Cov cuab yeej tsim nyog thiab nws cov yam ntxwv yog raws li hauv qab no:
Trommel Screen
Sprial Chute
tuav lub rooj
Operation points: For the gravity separation of coastal placer deposits, it is preferred to use a combination of spiral chutes (coarse separation) and shaking tables (fine separation). The spiral chutes remove a large amount of quartz, while the shaking tables increase the enrichment ratio of heavy minerals to 10-50 times, resulting in a mixed concentrate with a heavy mineral content of >60%. Thaum lub ntiajteb txawj nqus sib cais, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj cov khoom noj concentration (20% -30%) thiab pub tus nqi kom tsis txhob muaj cov ore ntau dhau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm cov ntxhia hnyav.
(2) Kauj Ruam 2: Sib Nqus Sib Nqus - Sib cais cov ntxhia sib txawv hauv cov chaw tso nyiaj hauv puam raws li lawv qhov sib nqus sib nqus, xws li ilmenite thiab monazite. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau nplaum no yog qhov tseem ceeb: muaj zog hlau nplaum (ilmenite), tsis muaj zog hlau nplaum (monazite, biotite), thiab tsis yog- hlau nplaum (zircon, rutile, quartz). Sib nqus sib cais siv cov kev sib txawv no los cais cov hlau nplaum sib nqus (ilmenite / monazite) los ntawm cov khoom hnyav hnyav, thaum muab pov tseg tsis yog - cov khoom siv hlau nplaum (zircon, rutile, thiab lwm yam). Cov cuab yeej siv tseem ceeb yog cov khoom sib nqus qhuav qhuav (chaw pov pob hauv hiav txwv muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj dej tom qab lub cev qhuav dej, ua kom qhuav sib nqus sib cais zoo dua thiab pov tseg-dawb piv rau kev sib cais ntub dej). Kev sib xyaw ua ke muaj xws li: muaj zog sib nqus hlau nplaum sib nqus sib nqus (sib nqus zog 8000 ~ 12000Oe): cais cov hlau nplaum ilmenite kom tau txais ilmenite concentrate (TiO₂ cov ntsiab lus ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 45%, uas tuaj yeem ncaj qha xa tawm / ua tiav ntxiv); Tsis muaj zog hlau nplaum sib nqus sib nqus cais (magnetic teb lub zog 2000 ~ 6000Oe): cais cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog (lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj ntxhia) los ntawm cov tailings ntawm muaj zog sib nqus sib cais kom tau txais monazite mloog zoo; Sib nqus sib cais kem / ntub sib nqus sib nqus sib cais: yog tias cov khoom siv raw muaj cov ntsiab lus noo noo, ntub sib nqus sib nqus yog siv rau kev sib cais ntxiv kom tsis txhob poob ntawm cov khoom sib nqus.
Cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm: Rau kev sib nqus sib nqus, lub zog hlau nplaum yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov zaub mov kom tsis txhob adsorbing tsis yog - cov khoom siv hlau nplaum vim muaj zog sib nqus ntau dhau los yog poob cov khoom siv hlau nplaum vim qhov tsis muaj zog sib nqus. Rau qhuav sib nqus sib cais, kev pub noj ceev yuav tsum tau tswj kom sib npaug kom tiv thaiv cov ore txheej los ntawm tuab heev, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev sib nqus sib nqus.
(III) Kauj Ruam 3: Electro-kev sib cais / Flotation - Purification ntawm Non-Magnetic muaj nuj nqis Minerals xws li Zircon thiab Rutile. Cov tailings tom qab sib nqus sib nqus ntawm cov uas tsis yog- cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li zircon thiab rutile tsis yog- cov khoom sib nqus sib nqus (xws li zircon, rutile, quartz, feldspar, thiab lwm yam). These minerals have small differences in density and magnetism, and require separation based on electrical properties (permittivity) or surface wettability to obtain high-purity zircon and rutile concentrates. Qhov no yog txheej txheem purification rau puam placer ore sib cais. Ob txoj kev tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv: 1. Electro-kev sib cais (cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, tsim nyog rau lub puam placer ore) siv qhov sib txawv ntawm dielectric tas li thiab conductivity ntawm cov ntxhia. Nyob rau hauv qhov siab -voltage hluav taws xob teb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (rutile, ilmenite residuals) yog adsorbed rau ntawm electrodes, thaum tsis yog - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (zircon, quartz) raug pov tawm los ntawm lub zog centrifugal. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog lub siab -siab rau cov menyuam electro-separator (ib qho khoom siv hauv kev lag luam). Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog raws li nram no: roughing: cais rutile (conductive) los ntawm zircon (tsis yog{21}}conductive) kom tau txais rutile ntxhib concentrate; Kev tu: ntau yam electro-kev sib cais ua kom huv kom nce TiO₂ cov ntsiab lus ntawm rutile concentrate rau ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 95%, thiab ZrO₂・SiO₂ cov ntsiab lus ntawm zircon mloog zoo rau ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 65% (kev lag luam tus qauv khoom).
